Efficacy Analysis of Corneal Photo-vitrification (CPV) for Improved Vision of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Eyes

Purpose: To analyze the safety and efficacy of corneal photovitrification (CPV) for improved visions of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes.Study Design: Using CPV for improved visions of AMD eyes.Place and Duration of Study: New Taipei City, Taiwan, and Austin, TX, USA; between April, 2022 and June, 2022.Methodology: The CPV efficacy is calculated based on the rate equation given by dM/dt=-k(t) M(t), where M(t) is the PCV-treated corneal stroma; and k(t) is the rate coefficient given by an Arrhenius formula, k(t) = A0 exp[?Ea/(RT(t,z)], where t and z are the laser irradiation time and depth of the cornea stroma; Ea is the activation energy and R is the gas constant. The temperature spatial and temporal profiles are given by the numerical solutions of a heat diffusion equation with a volume heating source. Various effective depths including the tissue damage depth, temperature penetration depth and conversion depth, governed by the tissue absorption coefficient, light intensity and dose (or irradiation time), and the related threshold values, are introduced in replacing the conventional penetration depth based on a Beer's law.Results: The suggested protocol for CPV treatments include: a diode laser at about 2 祄 wavelength (with absorption coefficient about 100 cm-1). The laser dose is about 25 J/cm2/spot and irradiation time of 150 ms.Conclusion: The efficacy of CPV may be predicted/calculated by our modeling based on rate equation and the corneal stroma temperature rise due to laser heating. The preferred retinal locus (PRL) movement observed post-CPV is caused mainly by neuroadaptation.

Multiple primary coexisting malignancy in young patients.

Two young patients with two coexisting primary malignancy are described. Both of them had colonic carcinoma. In addition, one had pancreatic carcinoma and the other duodenal carcinoma.

Biliary cystadenoma mistaken as hydatid cyst.

First documented case of biliary cystadenoma in a non-white elderly female is described, showing (so called) low-density daughter cysts within the mother cyst emphasising the fact that presence of daughter cysts within a mother cyst cannot be considered pathognomonic of hepatic hydatid cyst.

Pancreatic pseudocyst of the kidney: computed tomographic diagnosis.

An unusual location of pancreatic pseudocyst in the renal parenchyma in a patient of chronic calcific pancreatitis is reported. The role of computed tomography in its detection is also high-lighted.

Hepatocellular carcinoma--image morphology in 40 patients.

A retrospective analysis of image morphology in 40 patients with histologically proved hepatocellular carcinoma including two cases of fibrolamellar carcinoma is presented. Ultrasound and CT scan were done in all the patients. Angiogram was done in 15 of these patients to provide a surgical roadmap before hepatic resection. Detailed analysis of clinical features, biochemical parameters and image morphology is presented.

Foetal growth parameters--clinical versus ultrasonographic.

The study was conducted in 2831 pregnant women with no diagnosed complication at the time of registration to obtain normal foetal growth pattern for clinical and ultrasonographic parameters. Normal values for maternal weight, fundal height and abdominal girth for clinical and biparietal diameter, abdominal circumferences and femoral length for ultrasonographic parameters are presented. Clinical and ultrasonographic parameters were compared for their efficacy in prediction of low birth weight. Neither clinical nor ultrasonographic parameters were found to be satisfactory in identifying the foetus at risk of low birth weight. It has been found that clinical parameters for routine monitoring are as effective as ultrasonographic parameters and have the added advantage of being easily replicable at the peripheral level of health care.

Normal endoscopic pancreatogram in an Indian referral hospital.

A total of 101 normal pancreatograms were analysed in a major referral hospital in India in an attempt to establish normal standards of pancreatic ductal morphology in Indian population. Ductal position, course, caliber, length and variations of anatomy were analysed. Most often (39%) ampulla was seen at the level of second lumbar vertebra, commonly (54%) within 30-39 mm from the lateral margin of right side of corresponding vertebral body. Most common ductal course (21.78%) was ascending-horizontal-horizontal type. Mean ductal diameters in the head, body and tail of the pancreas were 2.63, 1.95, 0.99 mm in individuals aged less than or equal to 40 yr and 3.31, 2.34, 1.23 mm in those greater than 40 yr, respectively. A significant (r = 0.46; P less than 0.001) increase in ductal size was seen between less than or equal to 40 yr and after 40 yr of age. Mean ductal length was 16.10 and 16.58 cm in subjects less than or equal to 40 yr of age and greater than 40 yr respectively. Duct of Santorini was visualised in 6.6 per cent subjects.

The missing eyeball--CT evaluation (a case report).

A case of blow out fracture of the medial wall and floor of the orbit with herniation of the eyeball into the ethmoid sinus diagnosed on CT scan is reported. To the best of our knowledge there is no previous report of prolapse of eyeball into the ethmoid sinus.

Primary malignant hepatic tumors in children--a clinicoradiological profile.

A retrospective analysis of clinicoradiological records of 14 patients with primary malignant tumors of liver (12 hepatoblastomas, 2 embryonal sarcomas) was done. High levels of alpha feto protein were found in four out of six patients and plain X-ray calcification was seen in 33% of patients with hepatoblastoma. Hepatoblastoma was predominantly (80%) a right lobar, illdefined, heterogenous solid mass, which was mixed attenuating on CT scan with areas of patchy enhancement. Angiography was useful in vascular mapping for surgery. A rare association of congenital dysplastic kidney with hepatoblastoma was noted. The imaging protocol for a malignant hepatic tumor and possible differentiating features from the rare entity of embryonal sarcoma are discussed.

Carcinoma bladder: comparative evaluation of urinary cytology, excretory urography and ultrasonography.

A total of 63 patients with 85 bladder tumors were evaluated with excretory urography (IVU), ultrasonography and urine cytology, before being subjected to cystosocopy and biopsy. An attempt was made to evaluate accuracy of detection by different modalities, individually and combined together. Untrasonography and IVU detected 90 percent and 75 percent of tumors respectively while cytology was positive in 63 percent patients. Ultrasonography was superior to IVU, and, Urinary cytology, despite its low catch, could detect few cases where both the previous mentioned modalities had failed. Larger tumors situated on posterior and lateral walls were consistently detected by ultrasonography. Tumor staging by ultrasonography correlated well with final staging in infiltrating tumors. Thus it is concluded that the two non-invasive procedures, sonography and urine cytology must be routinely used for evaluation of fresh cases and in follow up of bladder tumors.